Application to commence collective proceedings by Dr Sean Ennis against (1) Apple Inc, (2) Apple Distribution International Ltd, (3) Apple Canada, Inc, (4) Apple Pty Limited, (5) Apple Services LATAM LLC, (6) iTunes KK, (7) Apple (UK) Ltd, and (8) Apple Europe Ltd for losses alleged to have been suffered as a result of the Proposed Defendants' breaches of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and section 18 of the Competition Act 1998. Dr Ennis seeks to recover damages to compensate UK-domiciled third-party app developers that sold apps via the App Store, and made sales to iOS device users within third-party apps, in the period starting six years before the date of the Collective Proceedings Claim Form (25 July 2023), where a commission was charged by Apple on the sale.